| 产品介绍 | | |
| Mouse anti Human C4d antibody, clone 10-11recognizes the secreted protein complement component 4d (C4d). The presence of C4d in renal peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute antibody-mediated rejection [AMR] (Collinset al.1999.).C4d was accepted in 2003 into the Banff classification for identification of acute AMR (Racusenet al.2003). Mouse anti Human C4d antibody, clone 10-11 is specific for C4d, a marker that can be used in the detection of acute AMR for kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. C4d is regarded as a key marker of antibody-mediated cell injury and humoral rejection (Sacks and Chowdhury 2002).Complement 1 complex cleaves complement 4 (C4) to form C4b and C4a. C4b levels are strictly regulated. Single site cleavage of the C4b’s alpha chain by Factor I forms iC4b and blocks C3 convertase, inhibiting opsonization and activation of the classical pathway. This requires C4 binding protein or CR1 as a cofactor. iC4b is further degraded into C4d and C4c. C4b’s short half life means that C4d is present in serum at high enough concentrations to make it a useful marker for classical complement activation (Collinset al.1999).Mouse anti Human C4d antibody, clone 10-11 is used to detect the biomarker C4d which has been described as a “footprint” of antibody mediated tissue rejection (Sacks and Chowdhury 2002). The internal thioester of C4b becomes exposed during cleavage to C4d and forms a covalent bond with the cell surface. The longer half-life of covalently bound C4d makes it a footprint of complement activation long after weakly bound antibodies have been cleared by the blood stream (Sacks and Chowdhury 2002).C4 has also been linked to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (Yanget al.2004) and rheumatoid arthritis (Makindeet al.1989). |
| 产品详情 | | |
Target Species | Human |
Product Form | Purified IgG - liquid |
Preparation | Purified IgG prepared by Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) |
Buffer Solution | Borate buffered saline |
Preservative Stabilisers | <0.1% Sodium Azide (NaN3) |
Approx. Protein Concentrations | IgG concentration 1.0 mg/ml |
Immunogen | Native, from human plasma |
Regulatory | For research purposes only |
Guarantee | 12 months from date of despatch |
| 存储条件 | | |
| This product is shipped at ambient temperature. It is recommended to aliquot and store at -20°C on receipt. When thawed, aliquot the sample as needed. Keep aliquots at 2-8°C for short term use (up to 4 weeks) and store the remaining aliquots at -20°C.Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended. |
| 应用 | | |
Application Name | Verified | Min Dilution | Max Dilution |
ELISA | √ | 1/5000 | 1/20000 |
Immunofluorescence | √ | 1/250 | 1/600 |
| Immunohistology - Frozen | √ | 1/100 | 1/750 |
| Immunohistology - Paraffin1 | √ | | |
Western Blotting | √ | | |
| This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit theantibody protocolspage.1It has been reported that this antibody works very well on acetone-fixed, frozen renal biopsies. Strong staining is observed in the glomeruli and in some cases the peritubular capillaries.Clone 10-11 has given variable results on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. It has been observed that pre-treatment with 88% formic acid for 20 minutes at room temperature is beneficial (6).Where this product has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Suggested working dilutions are given as a guide only. It is recommended that the user titrates the product for use in their own system using the appropriate negative/positive controls. |
| 二抗相关产品 |
Description | Product Code | Applications | Pack Size |
Goat anti Mouse IgG (H/L):Alk. Phos. (Multi Species Adsorbed) | STAR117A | E;WB | 0.5 mg |
Goat anti Mouse IgG (H/L):DyLight®488 (Multi Species Adsorbed) | STAR117D488GA | F;IF | 0.1 mg |
Goat anti Mouse IgG (H/L):DyLight®680 (Multi Species Adsorbed) | STAR117D680GA | F;WB | 0.1 mg |
Goat anti Mouse IgG (H/L):DyLight®800 (Multi Species Adsorbed) | STAR117D800GA | F;IF;WB | 0.1 mg |
Goat anti Mouse IgG (H/L):FITC (Multi Species Adsorbed) | STAR117F | Flow | 0.5 mg |
| 数据 |
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human renal allograft tissue. Tissue was incubated with mouse anti human C4d (2222-8004) following heat mediated antigen retrieval. |
| 文献 |
| 1. Mauiyyedi, S.et al.(2002) Acute humoral rejection in kidney transplantation: II. Morphology, immunopathology, and pathologic classification.J Am Soc Nephrol. 13 (3): 779-87.2. Collins, A.B.et al.(1999) Complement activation in acute humoral renal allograft rejection: diagnostic significance of C4d deposits in peritubular capillaries.J Am Soc Nephrol. 10 (10): 2208-14.3. Knechtle, S.J.et al.(2003) Campath-1H induction plus rapamycin monotherapy for renal transplantation: results of a pilot study.Am J Transplant. 3 (6): 722-30.4. Mauiyyedi, S.et al.(2001) Chronic humoral rejection: identification of antibody-mediated chronic renal allograft rejection by C4d deposits in peritubular capillaries.J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (3): 574-82.5. Rogers, J.et al.(1992) Complement activation by beta-amyloid in Alzheimer disease.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (21): 10016-20. |
QQ:1749072012