Description: This DS8RELM monoclonal antibody recognizes mouse RELM alpha, also known as FIZZ1. This antibody was shown not to cross-react with mouse RELM gamma.Applications Reported: This DS8RELM antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis.Applications Tested: This DS8RELM antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of resident peritoneal macrophages using the Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set (Product # 88-8824) and protocol.Please refer to Best Protocols: Protocol A: Two step protocol for (cytoplasmic) intracellular proteins located under the Resources Tab online. This may be used at less than or equal to 0.5 µg per test. A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. Cell number should be determined empirically but can range from 10^5 to 10^8 cells/test. It is recommended that the antibody be carefully titrated for optimal performance in the assay of interest.Excitation: 633-647 nm; Emission: 660 nm; Laser: Red Laser

RELM alpha, also known as Resistin-like alpha or FIZZ1, is a small cytokine (88 aminoacids, MW 9.4 kDa) produced mostly by macrophages. Its highest constitutive expression has been observed in small peritoneal macrophages, alveolar macrophages and adipose tissue macrophages. It is strongly induced by IL-4 and IL-13. Together with Arginase 1 and Ym-1, RELM alpha is considered one of the hallmarks of the M2 polarization of mouse macrophages, however, macrophages polarized with IL-10 (M2c) expressneither RELM alpha nor Arginase 1. Also, the expression patterns of RELM alpha and Arginase 1 in untreated tissue macrophages significantly differ. Elevated levels of RELM alpha may indicate parasitic infection. Humans do not have RELM alpha gene but human Resistin resembles mouse RELM alpha in respect to sequence, tissue distribution and function. Other members of RELM family in mouse: RELM beta, RELM gamma and Resistin display different tissue distribution and functional properties. RELM alpha plays an important role in parasite infection, mucosal inflammation and allergy.

C57BL/6 mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells were surface stained with F4/80 Monoclonal Antibody, eFluor 450 (Product # 48-4801-82). The cells were then fixed and permeabilized using the Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set (Product # 88-8824-00) and protocol, and intracellularly stained with either 0.25 µg of Rat IgG1 kappa Isotype Control, APC (Product # 17-4301-82) (left) or 0.25 µg of RELM alpha Monoclonal Antibody, APC (right). All cells were used for analysis.